Organised crime poses particular challenges to the criminal justice system. While much of the attention of policy makers, legislators, law enforcement, and the media is on criminalisation and investigation, much less attention, including academic analysis, has been devoted to the unique problems posed by organised crime to criminal procedure and to the prison system. In 2022-2023, the Transnational Organised Crime programme explores a range of topics relating to the prosecution, trial, and sentencing of organised crime, the punishment, especially imprisonment, of members or organised criminal groups, and the existence, modi operandi, and recruitment of these groups in prisons. Particular attention is given to the role and powers of prosecutors and the judiciary, measures relating to criminal proceedings, international cooperation, sentencing, and the situations in prisons.